“Perhaps the perennial focus on theological issues stems from a narrow, one might say non-Jewish, understanding of Judaism. If we instead took a more expansive view of Judaism as pertaining not to a religion in the modern sense but rather to the many aspects of life that Jews considered to be governed by Torah, we might also broaden our consideration of early Jewish Christian relations to include economic and cultural relationships.”

“I believe that such comments are intended to be inclusive of Jews while solving a dilemma for Christians: this approach allows them to uphold the sacred nature of their scriptures without at the same time adopting a hostile stance towards Jews and Judaism. Yet I wish I could help some of my colleagues understand that despite their good intentions, such statements are both supersessionist and anti-Jewish.”